Transport, industry and the heating sector all need low-emission solutions for a climate-neutral economy. The ZSW is exploring technologies which use P2X processes to convert renewable electricity into other forms of energy – such as fuels or chemicals. There will still be a market in the post-fossil age for carbon-based e-fuels and e-chemicals, which will have to be produced synthetically from water, renewable electricity and sustainable carbon. There will be a need in future to draw on other sustainable carbon sources besides CO₂ in the air, including biomass, biogenic residues and unavoidable plastic waste, in order to meet this demand for the synthesis of carbon-based fuels and chemicals. Carbon-based e-fuels and e-chemicals boast high energy density and can serve as hydrogen transport vectors.

Thermochemical conversion technologies like oxy-fuel combustion or autothermal gasification can be used successfully for almost end-to-end carbon transfer into P2X processes. We are studying stoichiometric oxy-fuel combustion and autothermal gasification in fluidised bed processes for the provision of gases containing CO₂ and CO for P2X processes from biogenic residues or plastic waste.